Winter Layers for Outdoor Play

Winter has returned and with it the need to layer. Have you ever wondered what all materials are that get discussed when we talk about layers? It may sound complicated, but it is actually quite simple.

Materials are divided in to synthetic and natural fibres. Synthetic materials are man-made while natural fibres are grown on plants or animals. Each material has its benefits and drawbacks, and which you prefer is really a matter of personal choice.

The three types of layers are base layer (close to your skin, and wicking to keep you dry), mid-layer (provides insulation to keep you warm and helps move moisture to the outer layer to evaporate), and outer layer (wind and water resistant layer).

Wool is a very versatile natural fibre used as a base layer, mid-layer and outer layer depending on how it is woven and treated. It can be waterproof, it is good at wicking moisture away from your skin, and it provides good insulation even when wet. It also lasts a long time and doesn’t need to be washed as often as synthetic fibres. Merino wool is soft and generally popular for base layers, socks, etc. Unfortunately wool can be expensive, and some types of wool are itchy. 

Polypropylene is a synthetic and lightweight material that feels soft and easily conforms to movement. It provides excellent wicking properties and is often used as a base layer. One detraction is that it can start to smell more quickly than natural fibres. 

Down is a natural insulator. It is very lightweight, compressible, durable, and warm; however, it won’t keep you warm when wet, so isn’t usually used in clothing where you expect to be active or sweating. It also takes a very long time to dry and tends to be expensive.

Fleece a bulky synthetic material that is great for insulation as a mid-layer. It stays warm when wet and lets moisture pass through from your skin to your outer layer so that it can evaporate.  It also tends to be less expensive; however, it lets the wind through and needs an outer protective shell to make it most effective. It is also bulky and heavier than other materials.

Thinsulate is a lightweight synthetic material designed to mimic down.  It is very warm despite being thin and stays warm when wet; however, it only has a lifespan of about 5 years.

Nylon is a lightweight synthetic material, often used for the outer layer. Treated with urethane and woven tightly, it can be waterproof.

Cotton is a natural fibre, but most people advise avoiding it in the cold. Cotton is great for absorbing moisture, but it does not wick and takes a long time to dry. Finally cotton will keep the moisture close to your skin and make you feel cold. So save cotton clothing for warmer weather.

An outline of some the specific terms for different types of clothing used to layer can be found here – https://www.mec.ca/en/explore/clothing-layers

Written by Tandy Morton, WILD CHILD Program Facilitator